Tweak your operating system, hardware, and application settings to help your computer run Photoshop stably at the optimum speed. If Photoshop is running slower than expected on your computer, or if you’re experiencing system freezes, lags, or delays while using Photoshop, try the tips and techniques outlined in this document.
Note:
Your computer must meet certain minimum system requirements to run Photoshop optimally. Running Photoshop on underpowered or unsupported hardware — for example, on a computer having an incompatible graphics processor (GPU) — may result in performance issues.
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In general, you should take a holistic approach to optimizing Photoshop’s performance for your needs. From the suggestions documented in this article, consider which ones to implement within the context of your computer setup, the types of files you use, and your particular workflow. Every user’s setup is unique and may require a different combination of techniques to get the most efficient performance from Photoshop.
There are four primary ways to affect performance in Photoshop:
The easiest way to improve performance, without spending money, is to set your Photoshop preferences and fine-tune its features to take advantage of the way you work and the type of files you typically work with.
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The most dramatic way to increase performance is investing in faster and more-powerful hardware.
Photoshop provides a set of preferences (Preferences > Performance) to help you make optimum use of your computer’s resources, such as memory, cache, graphics processor, displays, etc. Depending on your primary use case for using Photoshop and the types of documents you generally work with, different combinations of these settings may suit you.
Additional settings such as Scratch Disks, available on other tabs of the Preferences dialog, may also directly impact your computer’s running speed and stability.
You can improve performance by increasing the amount of memory/RAM allocated to Photoshop. The Memory Usage area of the Performance preferences screen (Preferences > Performance) tells you how much RAM is available to Photoshop. It also shows the ideal Photoshop memory allocation range for your system. By default, Photoshop uses 70% of available RAM.
- Increate the RAM allocated to Photoshop by changing the value in the Let Photoshop Use box. Alternatively, adjust the Memory Usage slider.
- Restart Photoshop to enable your changes.
To find the ideal RAM allocation for your system, change it in 5% increments and monitor performance in the Efficiency indicator. See Keep an eye on the Efficiency indicator.
We don’t recommend allocating more than 85% of your computer’s memory to Photoshop. Doing so may affect performance by leaving no memory for other essential system applications.
Note:
If you experience out-of-RAM or out-of-memory errors in Photoshop, try increasing the amount of RAM allocated to Photoshop. However, setting the RAM allocation for Photoshop too high (>85%) could affect the performance of other running applications, making your system unstable.
The best solution to this issue is to add more RAM to your computer.
Photoshop uses image caching to speed up the redrawing of high-resolution documents while you’re working on them. You can specify up to eight levels of cached image data and choose one of the four available cache tile sizes.
Increasing cache levels improves Photoshop’s responsiveness while you work, although images may take longer to load. The cache tile size determines the amount of data on which Photoshop operates at a time. Bigger tile sizes speed up complex operations, such as sharpening filters. Smaller changes, such as brush strokes, are more responsive with smaller tile sizes.
Three cache presets are available in the Performance preferences. Choose the one that matches your primary use case/purpose of using Photoshop:
- Web/UI Design: Choose this option if you use Photoshop primarily for web, app, or screen design. This option is appropriate for documents having numerous layers of low-to-medium pixel dimension assets.
- Default/Photos: Choose this option if you use Photoshop primarily to retouch or edit moderate-sized images. For example, use this option if you normally edit photos originating from your mobile or digital camera in Photoshop.
- Huge Pixel Dimensions: Choose this option if you work extensively with heavy documents in Photoshop; for example, panoramas, matte paintings, etc.
For finer control, specify cache levels manually; the default value is 4.
- If you use relatively small files — roughly 1 megapixel or 1280 by 1024 pixels — and many layers (50 or more), set Cache Levels to 1 or 2. Setting Cache Levels to 1 disables image caching; only the current screen image is cached.
- If you use files with larger pixel dimensions — say, 50 megapixels or larger — set Cache Levels higher than 4. Higher cache levels speed up redrawing.
Note:
You may not get high-quality results with some Photoshop features if you set Cache Levels to 1.
You can save scratch disk space and improve performance by limiting or reducing the number of history states Photoshop saves in the History panel. The amount of space you save varies depending on how many pixels an operation changes. For example, a history state based on a small paint stroke or a non-destructive operation, such as creating or modifying an adjustment layer, consumes little space. Applying a filter to an entire image, on the other hand, consumes much more space.
Photoshop can save up to 1,000 history states; the default number is 20. To reduce that number, go to the Performance preference dialog box, choose History & Cache >History States. In the History States pop-up menu, if necessary, drag the setting to a lower value.
The best way to optimize GPU acceleration, which speeds up screen redraws, is to keep your video adapter driver up to date. For more information about GPU acceleration and instructions on updating video adapter drivers, see Photoshop GPU and video card FAQ.
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Turning on OpenCL, a technology that lets applications use the GPU, is likely to improve performance if you use these Photoshop features:
- Video Panorama
- Blur Gallery (Iris, Field, and Tilt-shift Blur)
To turn on OpenCL, in the Performance Preferences panel, click Advanced Settings and select Use OpenCL.
Photoshop provides you with dedicated GPU settings in both the Performance and 3D sections in the Preferences dialog.
Settings in the Preferences > Performance section
If a suitable video card is installed on your system, it will appear in the GPU Settings area of the Performance section.
- To enable GPU acceleration, make sure that the Enable OpenGL Drawing option is selected.
- To fine-tune the card’s performance, click the Advanced Settings button and select Basic, Normal, or Advanced, matching the option with your requirements.
- Basic — Uses the least amount of GPU memory to run the most basic OpenGL features when sharing the GPU with other applications or when experiencing slow responsiveness. Select this option if you have other programs running that also use the GPU or if you notice bad screen redraws or slower performance when using GPU-accelerated features.
- Normal — Is the default setting. It uses a large amount of GPU memory to support advanced OpenGL features and should be selected if you regularly use the GPU-accelerated features in Photoshop.
- Advanced — Uses the same amount of memory as the Normal mode, but enables more advanced features to improve drawing performance. This setting is best when working in 3D or when working extensively with the GPU-accelerated features.
Note: Mode changes take effect only after Photoshop is restarted.
Settings in the Preferences > 3D section
The 3D section of the Performances dialog box contains a VRAM slider similar to the memory control located in the Performance section. Use the slider to determine the upper limit of the video RAM (VRAM) available to the Photoshop 3D engine. The total value is a percentage of the overall VRAM available. A setting of 100% will still reserve a portion of the overall VRAM for use with the operating system. Higher values will help with overall 3D performance but may compete with other GPU-enabled applications.
A scratch disk is a disk drive or SSD used for temporary storage while Photoshop is running. Photoshop uses this space to store portions of your documents and their history panel states that don’t fit in the RAM memory. Scratch files go into invisible OS-specified folders, except for non-boot volumes on Windows, at the root directory of the drive. When a non-boot drive is used as a scratch disk, the temporary files are placed in the drive’s root directory.
By default, Photoshop uses the hard drive on which the operating system is installed as the primary scratch disk.
To learn more about managing scratch disk preferences, recommended settings, and troubleshooting, see Set up scratch disks.
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Very large files are often the cause of performance problems. Photoshop supports a maximum file size of 300,000 x 300,000 pixels, except for PDF files, which are limited to 30,000 x 30,000 pixels and 200 x 200 inches.
File size capability for Photoshop:
- PSD files: 2 GB
- TIFF files: 4 GB
- PSB files: 4 exabytes (4096 petabytes or 4 million terabytes)
- PDF files: 10 GB (pages are limited to a maximum size of 200 inches)
If you receive an “out of RAM” error message or if Photoshop is running slowly, it could be caused by having too many open images. If you have several windows open, try closing some of them.
To reduce the amount of scratch disk space Photoshop uses, minimize the number of patterns and brush tips you keep loaded. Save presets you don’t require right now to a preset file. Or delete them if they were loaded from a preset file.
Note:
See Work with the Preset Manager to find out more about managing preset patterns and brush tips.
Each time you change a document, Photoshop updates all the thumbnails visible in the Layers and Channels panels. This update can affect responsiveness when you’re rapidly painting, moving, or nudging layers. The more thumbnails visible, the greater this effect.
To minimize or disable these thumbnail previews, click the Panel menu and choose Panel Options. Select a smaller thumbnail size or select None, and then click OK.
If you don’t need to work with your PSD and PSB files in older versions of Photoshop or in applications that don’t support layers, you can turn off a file compatibility feature to speed up document saving:
- In Preferences > File Handling, for 16-bit and 32-bit PSD and PSB documents, select Disable Compression of PSD and PSB Files.
- From the Maximize PSD and PSB File Compatibility menu, choose Ask or Never.
- See Maximize compatibility when saving files for more information.
Photoshop can perform many operations on 16-bit and 32-bit images. However, these images require more memory, scratch space, and time to process than 8-bit images.
To convert your image to 8 bits per channel, choose Image > Mode > 8 Bits/Channel. See Bit depth in Photoshop Help for more information.
Note:
Converting to 8 bits per channel deletes data from your image. Save a copy of the original 16-bit or 32-bit image before you convert to 8 bits per channel.
To speed font processing in Photoshop, turn off the WYSIWYG font preview list by choosing Type > Font Preview Size > None.
The greater the image resolution, the more memory and disk space Photoshop requires to display, process, and print an image. Depending on your final output, higher image resolution does not necessarily provide higher final image quality, but it can slow performance, use additional scratch disk space, and slow printing. The optimal resolution for your images depends on how the images will be displayed or printed.
For images presented onscreen, think in terms of total pixel dimensions. For example, many web images are no more than 725 pixels wide. To reduce the image dimensions of an image, choose Image > Image Size. In the Image Size dialog box, make sure that the Resample option is selected. Enter a new value for the Dimensions Width or Height (entering a value for one changes both).
For printed images, increasing resolution beyond about 360 DPI brings marginal if any benefits in most cases. If you produce many prints, experiment to find a resolution that gives you pleasing results. To reduce the resolution of an image, choose Image > Image Size. In the Image Size dialog box, select Resample. Change the Width and Height values to reflect the physical size of your printed document. Then, decrease the Resolution value, and click OK.
If you are going to increase the image resolution for printing rather than decrease it, perform this resolution increase as one of your last steps before printing the image. That way, you don’t have to process all this extra information in earlier steps.
For more information, see Advanced cropping, resizing, and resampling.
You can improve system performance by freeing up unused memory and scratch disk space from Photoshop to make it available to other programs. To do so, choose one of these options:
- Edit > Purge > All
- Edit > Purge > Undo
- Hold down Option (Mac OS) or Alt (Windows) and choose About Photoshop
If other programs are actively trying to allocate or use the memory, freeing up memory in Photoshop will improve performance. Freeing up scratch disk space will be beneficial if you’re out of space on a disk volume. If you free up significant memory or disk space, Photoshop will be slower the next time you open large files, while Photoshop allocates space.
If you want Photoshop to always use less memory, choose Edit > Preferences >Performance (Windows) or Photoshop > Preferences > Performance (Mac OS) and move the Memory Usage slider to the left. See Adjust memory usage.
Note:
Activity monitors, task managers, and disk utilities may take several seconds to register the change. In fact, for some utilities, you may need to explicitly request the update.
The contents of the clipboard are often large if you’ve been copying and pasting data within large documents. And, those contents are of little use when you’re done pasting. To free up RAM being used by image data in the clipboard, choose Edit > Purge > Clipboard.
The Filter Gallery allows you to test one or more filters on an image before applying the effects, which can save considerable time and memory. See Filter Gallery overview for more information.
Dragging layers or files is more efficient than copying and pasting them. Dragging bypasses the Clipboard and transfers data directly. Copying and pasting can potentially involve more data transfer and is much less efficient.
Layers are fundamental to working in Photoshop, but they increase file size and redraw time. Photoshop recomposes each layer after each change in the image. After you complete changes to layers, flatten (merge) them to reduce file size. Select the layers in the Layers panel, right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Mac OS) and choose Merge Layers. To flatten all layers in a file, choose Layer > Flatten Image. Also make sure to remove any empty layers from the file.
Note:
Photoshop does not let you separate layers after merging them. You can either choose Edit > Undo or use the History panel to return to an unmerged state.
If you don’t frequently change some of your layers, consider converting layers or layer sets into Smart Objects, which saves disk space and improves performance. Select the layers or layer sets in the Layers panel, right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Mac OS) and choose Convert To Smart Object. See Work with Smart Objects.
Photoshop can save layers in TIFF files. However, layered TIFF files are larger than flat TIFF files and require more resources for processing and printing. If you work with a layered TIFF file, save the original layered file as an Adobe Photoshop (.psd) file. Then, when you are ready to save the file in TIFF format, choose File > Save As. In the Save As dialog box, choose Format > TIFF, select Save As A Copy, deselect Layers, and click Save.
For added speed when exporting TIFF files, do not choose ZIP compression. (ZIP compression produces the smallest TIFF files, however.)
The Export Clipboard option causes Photoshop to make the contents of the clipboard available to other programs. If you copy large amounts of data in Photoshop, but won’t paste it into other applications, save time by turning off this option:
- Choose Photoshop > Preferences > General (Mac OS) or Edit > Preferences > General (Windows).
- From the Disable Device flyout menu, choose Close.
To disable Rulers, in the View menu, deselect Rulers.
See information on restarting the Creative Cloud desktop app.
If you’re interested in modifying your current hardware setup (or perhaps if you’re buying a new system), use the following information to optimize it for Photoshop.
The speed of the computer’s central processing unit, or CPU, limits the processing speed of Photoshop. Photoshop requires a multicore Intel processor (Mac OS) or a 2 GHz or faster processor (Windows).
Photoshop generally runs faster with more processor cores, although some features take greater advantage of the additional cores than others. However, you’ll get diminishing returns with multiple processor cores: The more cores you use, the less you get from each additional core. Therefore, Photoshop doesn’t run four times as fast on a computer with 16 processor cores as on a computer with four cores. For most users, the increase in performance that more than six cores provides doesn’t justify the increased cost.
Note:
If you are running Photoshop in a virtual environment, Photoshop’s GPU use can cause performance issues. Virtual machines cannot access the GPU.
Photoshop uses random access memory (RAM) to process images. If Photoshop has insufficient memory, it uses hard-disk space, also known as a scratch disk, to process information. Accessing information in memory is faster than accessing information on a hard disk. Therefore, Photoshop is fastest when it can process all or most image information in RAM.
For the latest version of Photoshop, at least 8 GB of RAM is recommended.
For instructions on how you can specify how much RAM to allocate to Photoshop, see Adjust memory usage.
Photoshop reads and writes image information to disk when your system doesn’t have enough RAM to contain all of it. The Efficiency indicator can help you determine whether getting a faster hard disk or solid-state disk would improve your performance. If the efficiency number is usually above 95%, spending money on a faster scratch disk has little benefit.
To improve Photoshop performance, use a disk with a fast data transfer rate. For example, use an internal hard disk or an external disk connected via a fast interface such as Thunderbolt, FireWire 800, eSATA, or USB3. Network servers (hard disk accessed over a network) have slower data transfer rates.
The latest version of Photoshop requires at least 2.5 GB (Windows) or 3.2 GB (Mac OS). Installation requires additional space, and Adobe recommends more hard-disk space for virtual memory and scratch disk space.
Fast RAID 0 arrays make excellent scratch disks, especially if you use the array exclusively for your scratch disk. Also make sure that you defragment the array regularly, and don’t use it as your startup volume.
To gain the greatest benefit from an SSD, use it as the scratch disk. Using it as a scratch disk gives you significant performance improvements if you have images that don’t fit entirely in RAM. For example, swapping tiles between RAM and an SSD is much faster than swapping between RAM and a hard disk.
If your SSD doesn’t have much free space (the scratch file grows bigger than can fit on the SSD), add a secondary or tertiary hard disk. (Add it after the SSD.) Make sure that these disks are selected as scratch disks in the Performance preferences.
Also, SSDs vary widely in performance, much more so than hard disks. Using an earlier, slower drive results in little improvement over a hard disk.
Note:
Adding RAM to improve performance is more cost effective than purchasing an SSD.
If the Efficiency indicator is already high, an SSD doesn’t improve performance. The lower the Efficiency indicator, the greater the improvement an SSD offers.
For more information on performance and 64-bit Photoshop, see 64-bit OS benefits, limitations.
Use the following information to set up and use your operating system efficiently with Photoshop.
Close unnecessary applications and startup items
Other open applications and startup items decrease the amount of memory available to Photoshop. To free up additional memory, quit unnecessary applications, startup items, and extensions. Then, make more memory available to Photoshop.
See App Nap reduces application performance | Mac OS.
From time to time, run Disk Cleanup to remove temporary files and any other files that are not being used.
- Click the Start button, type Disk Cleanup in the Search text box, and choose Disk Cleanup from the Programs list.
- Select Temporary Files and any other files that you want to delete.
Photoshop takes longer to read or write a fragmented file than one saved to a contiguous location.
For instructions on defragmenting hard disks on Windows, see these Microsoft Help topics:
- (Windows 7 and Vista) ”Improve performance by defragmenting your hard disk”
- (Windows 8) “Optimize your hard drive”
Note:
Fragmentation is rarely a problem on Mac OS, unless you normally run with the drive nearly full.
Solid-state disks do not require defragmenting, because their performance doesn’t degrade significantly with normal levels of fragmentation.
Note:
RAID arrays don’t become fragmented. Fragmentation is more likely to be an issue if you use a single disk for everything. It can also be an issue if permanent files and the Photoshop scratch disk share a volume, especially if the volume doesn’t have much free space. In this case, defragmenting the disk can make a significant difference.
Updates to the Windows or Mac OS X operating system improve its performance and compatibility with applications.
For Windows, turn on Windows Update.
For Mac OS X, use Software Update.
Specifying a fixed virtual memory setting helps prevent Photoshop scratch disk files from competing for the space with virtual memory (especially if you set the virtual memory setting on a different drive from the primary scratch disk). Be sure to use a drive with enough free, contiguous space for the best performance. Also, keep the paging file on a separate, empty, defragmented hard disk.
As always, the advice to use separate disks for virtual memory and scratch disks does not apply to solid-state disks. With an SSD, putting all of the most heavily-used files on an SSD is beneficial, and carries little or no penalty.
To change virtual memory, quit all applications and then do the following:
- Choose Start > Control Panel, and double-click System.
- In the Tasks list, choose Advanced System Settings, and click the Advanced tab.
- Deselect Automatically Manage Paging File Size For All Drives.
- Click each hard disk letter to show the available space on that drive. Select a hard drive that has three times the amount of your computer’s installed RAM and doesn’t contain a scratch disk.
- Select Custom Size, and enter the amount of your physical RAM plus 300 MB in the Initial Size box. Enter three times the amount of your computer’s installed RAM into the Maximum Size box.
- Click Set, and then click OK. Continue to click OK to exit all dialog boxes.
- Restart the computer: If you have applications open, select Restart Later, close your applications, and then restart Windows. Otherwise, click Restart Now.
To change Virtual Memory in Windows 8, quit all applications and then do the following:
- Click Start > Control Panels. If you don’t see the Start button, choose the folders icon and search your computer for control panel.
- (Mac OS) Choose System Preferences > Energy Saver, and then deselect Automatic Graphics Switching.
- (Windows) Choose Control Panel > Power Options, and then select High Performance.
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